Technology Development Activities Research Articles

Short Overview and Highlights of the History of the German Gel Propulsion Research and Technology Development Activities

Short Overview and Highlights of the History of the German Gel Propulsion Research and Technology Development Activities

Enabling nurses’ engagement in the design of healthcare technology – Core competencies and requirements: A qualitative study

BackgroundDue to the globally increasing demand for care, innovation is important to maintain quality, safety, effectiveness, patient sensitivity, and outcome orientation. Health care technologies could be a solution to innovate, maintain, or improve the quality of care and simultaneously decrease nurses’ workload. Currently, nurses are rarely involved in the design of health care technologies, mostly due to time constraints with clinical nursing responsibilities and limited exposure to technology and design disciplines. To ensure that health care technologies fit into nurses’ core and routine practice, nurses should be actively involved in the design process. ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the main requirements for nurses’ active participation in the design of health care technologies. DesignAn exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used which helps to both understand and describe a phenomenon. ParticipantsTwelve nurses from three academic hospitals in the Netherlands participated in this study. MethodData were collected from semistructured interviews with hospital nurses experienced in design programs and thematically analysed. ResultsFour themes were identified concerning the main requirements for nurses to participate in the design of health care technologies: (1) nurses’ motivations to participate, (2) the process of technology development, (3) required competence to participate (such as assertiveness, creative thinking, problem solving skills), and (4) facilitating and organizing nurses’ participation. ConclusionNurses experience their involvement in the design process as essential, distinctive, and meaningful but experience few possibilities to combine this work with their current workload, flows, routines, and requirements. To participate in the design of health care technologies nurses need motivation and specific competencies. Organizations should facilitate time for nurses to acquire the required competencies and to be intentionally involved in technology design and development activities.

Applicability and Effectiveness of the Legal Transactions on Using Electronic Money (E-Money) in the Disruption Era

Human activity encounters a density that is no less incredible in pursuing its needs and ambitions. Some people have attempted to conduct transactions in pair with the abundance of technological development activities, specifically by using electronic money. In this study, the author observes remarkable technological growth, which aims to understand the essence of e-money transactions and their efficacy. Additionally, how effective is the legal defense against e-money transactions? This study uses a normative or doctrinal research method by comparing the Law and the enlightening validity of reading books, texts, journals, print media, and other related information. This study demonstrates that the validity of electronic money transactions has done a lot, whereas the transaction encloses safeness, convenience, and time efficiency. However, there are also obstacles and challenges in it. For effectiveness, there is already a legal validation that controls it. At the same time, electronic money transactions must be protected for legal protection, where it contains elements of worth, which are benefits and time efficiency.

Impact of technology on structural change of labor in the manufacturing and processing industry of Vietnam

This study examines the effects of technological advancements on changes in the labor structure within Vietnam's manufacturing and processing industries. The study utilizes a panel dataset that combines each year's enterprise census data from 2012 to 2018 with the enterprise statistics of technology data provided by the Vietnam General Statistics Office throughout the same timeframe. This study highlighted four key aspects that contribute to technology-related challenges. These factors include external technology purchasing, research and development activities, absorbability of technology, and the influence of Foreign Direct Investment firms. The study tested the endogeneity in the model, overcame the defects of the model, and selected the fixed effect model to assess the four factors affecting labor structural change. The Lilien index is used to measure the level of structural change in labor in the manufacturing and processing industries of Vietnam. The results show that external technology acquisition and R&D activities had a positive effect on the Lilien index. Moreover, compelling data indicates that the location of technology acquisition has a contrasting influence on labour structural change, with varying effects observed in enterprises that employ high versus low levels of technology. The findings will serve as a significant indicator for governmental entities and management in formulating policies aimed at enhancing the overall efficiency of firms and facilitating labour restructuring initiatives.

FORMALIZATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF THE STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES AND THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR ACCORDING TO WORLD EXPERIENCE

The article highlights the need to study world experience as a basic element in the development and implementation of state policy, especially in the field of high-tech and digital economic development. The importance of a comprehensive approach to the construction of the state policy for the development of high-tech industries and the ICT sector is emphasized and its main elements are highlighted: the purpose, goals, subjects, objects, functions, principles, methods, tools, means. In the context of the study of the world experience of the implementation of such a state policy, attention is focused on the processes of resource provision, infrastructural development, normative and legal regulation, institutional and organizational management, production and technological development, investment and innovation activities, information and communication exchange and others. The study of the world experience of the state policy of the development of high-tech industries and the ICT sector makes it possible to note that the state acts as a driving force in creating a favorable environment for the stable establishment and expansion of the production and sale of high-tech products with a high level of implementation of digitization processes. The experience of developed countries confirms the priority of the state policy for the development of high-tech industries and the ICT sector with the following leading strategic goals: the formation of the internal market of innovations and technologies and its integration into the country’s economic system; development and implementation of progressive projects of high-tech production and digitization of the economy; improvement of organizational-technical and financial-economic accessibility of innovations and digital technologies; creation and development of innovative technological and informational digital infrastructure; development of inter-branch and inter-sectoral technical-technological and information-communication cooperation; creation and development of the national ecosystem of digital and technological transformation.

Preface

This Proceedings contains the selected papers of the 2023 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Green Energy (ICSGGE 2023), which was held in Qingyuan, China from April 24th to 26th, 2023.The 2nd ICSGGE is aimed at the academic and scientific community and the productive sectors of the region, with the aim of disseminating academic and research work; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities, contributing to strengthening the relationship between universities, enterprises and institutions.This Conference was articulated with different topics around the theme of Smart Grid and Green Energy to discuss on the research findings, their possibilities as well as challenges. The relevance of the ICSGGE 2023 conference themed on a wide range of disciplines is reflected in the papers that have been submitted for publication. The topics covered in the Proceedings includes: Smart Grid Architectures and Models, Energy Transfer and Interactive Technology, Smart Grid Networking and Communications, Electric Vehicles and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Fault Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance, etc.. All the papers, having been reviewed through a double-blind review process, are original contributions to the topics and shown the research works that are doing in the field of the described theme.We had about 80 participants all around the world. The scientific program of the Conference was composed of keynote speech, oral presentation, and academic investigation. Professor Weiliang Wang (Jinan University, China), combing his own professional knowledge and research experience, performed a keynote speech. He is mainly engaged in research on “carbon neutral” and energy development strategy, efficient utilization of new generation basic energy, new energy technology development, key technology of large-scale energy storage, and multi-energy complementary integrated energy system. The brilliant speeches of each speaker provided a feast of knowledge for all the participants, bringing reflections and enlightenment to them and allowing them to communicate with each other and get some academic advice or suggestion.Our sincere thanks and gratitude to all the participants for making such a comprehensive ICSGGE conference and Proceedings and thus contributed to the enhancement and development in related fields. We are grateful to the Technical Program Committee for their valuable time and advice. Special thanks to the members of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series for making this Proceedings published. We appreciate the effort from those involved and look forward to a more successful conference next year.The Committee of ICSGGE 2023List of Committee Member are available in this pdf.

Progress of Solid Oxide Electrolysis and Fuel Cells for Hydrogen Generation, Power Generation, Grid Stabilization, and Power-to-X Applications

Over the past 25+ years, Nexceris has been developing solid oxide cell (SOC) technology for power generation, energy storage and hydrogen production applications. Nexceris is vertically integrated SOC technology provider that develops and manufactures solid oxide electrode materials, interconnect coatings, planar electrolyte supported cells, and solid oxide stacks. Nexceris stacks are designed for low-cost manufacture and pressurized operation, and stacks have large repeat unit area for efficient packaging into megawatt-scale systems. Nexceris’ stacks are being tested in fuel cell, electrolysis, and reversible modes, with a focus on optimizing performance, efficiency, and durability. Current work at Nexceris includes long-term electrolysis stack durability testing, breadboard system testing of reversible SOC stacks, third-party stack validation testing, and SOC system design and demonstration testing. Nexceris also is exploring solid oxide co-electrolysis for converting steam and CO2 to syngas and the conversion of this syngas to fuels and chemicals. This presentation will provide an update on Nexceris’ solid oxide cell technology development and commercialization activities.

Preface

This Proceedings contains the selected papers of the 2023 3rd International Conference on Energy Engineering, New Energy Materials and Devices (NEMD 2023), which was held via virtual form in Guangzhou, China from March 24th to 26th, 2023.NEMD 2023 is aimed at the academic and scientific community and the productive sectors of the region, with the aim of disseminating academic and research work; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities, contributing to the strengthening the relationship between universities, enterprises and institutions.This Conference was articulated with different topics around the themes of Energy Engineering, New Energy Materials and Devices to discuss on the research findings, their possibilities and challenges. The relevance of the NEMD 2023 conference theme to a wide range of disciplines is reflected in the papers that have been submitted for publication. The topics covered in the Proceedings includes: Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System, Principle and Technology of Solar Cell, Distributed Energy System Technology, Energy Conversion and Application, Green Energy Materials, etc.. All the papers, being reviewed through a double-blind review process, are original contributions to the topics and shown the research works that are doing in the field of the described theme.We had about 60 participants all around the world. The scientific program of the Conference was composed of keynote speech, oral presentation, and academic investigation. Assoc. Prof. Jing Guo from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, who has published more than 80 academic publications, over 4600 SCI citations, with an H-factor of 40 (Google Academic), made a keynote speech on Ceramic-Polymer Composites Prepared via Cold Sintering Process. Ceramicpolymer composites have attracted much attention due to the excellent combined physical and chemical properties. However, most of the ceramics are sintered at high temperatures, typically higher than 1000 °C, which are not compatible with the processing temperatures of polymers. Thus, it is challenging to integrate ceramics with polymers in a onestep sintering process. Cold sintering process proposed in 2016 provides a route for the densification of ceramics at temperatures lower than 350 °C. He discussed the recent development of cold sintered electronic materials based on ceramic-polymer composites. The brilliant speeches of each speaker provided a feast of knowledge for all the participants, allowing them to communicate with each other and get some academic advice or suggestion.Our sincere thanks and gratitude to all the participants for making such a comprehensive NEMD Conference and Proceedings, which contribute to the enhancement and development in related fields. We are grateful to the Technical Program Committee for their valuable time and advice. Special thanks to the members of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series for making this Proceedings published. We appreciate the effort from those involved and look forward to a more successful conference next year.The Committee of NEMD 2023Committee Member are available in the pdf

Statistical modeling to relate technology readiness to schedule

AbstractProjects from U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Department of Energy technology development activities provide historical data on project completion timelines versus technology readiness levels that were assessed during the life cycle of a program. A statistical analysis was performed to develop a method to forecast future project completion timelines based on technical maturity assessments. The goodness‐of‐fit of the model used for forecasting also was evaluated, and the null hypothesis that the data follows the probability distribution used for the forecasting model could not be rejected at a Type I error level of 0.05. Several potential extensions to the model using product forecasting methods, semi‐Markov processes, and Bayes nets are presented. The limitations of the statistical modeling and of the potential extensions are also discussed.

Preface

This Proceedings contains the selected papers of the 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Advanced Materials (ICAMAM 2023), which was held via virtual form in Changsha, China from January 6th to 8th, 2023.The 2nd ICAMAM conference is aimed at the academic and scientific community and the productive sectors of the region, with the aim of disseminating academic and research work; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities, contributing to the strengthening the relationship between universities, enterprises and institutions.This Conference was articulated with different topics around the themes of Applied Mechanics and Advanced Materials to discuss on the research findings, their possibilities and challenges. The relevance of the ICAMAM 2023 conference theme to a wide range of disciplines is reflected in the papers that have been submitted for publication. The topics covered in the Proceedings includes: Thermodynamics, Solid Mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Silicon Material, Micro/Nano Materials, Renewable Material, Advanced Composite Materials, etc.. All the papers, being reviewed through a double-blind review process, are original contributions to the topics and shown the research works that are doing in the field of the described theme.List of Committee Member, are avilable in the pdf.

Insights into Türkiye’s Technology Development Journey

Türkiye, an emerging economy, has been attempting to improve its socioeconomic strength through the promotion of research and development (R&D), innovation, and technological development activities. Most notably, since 2000 the government has been implementing programs and supporting schemes with a particular focus on improving the innovation capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and universities. First, institutions were set up by the government to provide support to SMEs, and different support programs were then introduced by these institutions. The support programs subsequently diversified to include patenting, commercialization, and entrepreneurship support as well as support for ecosystem improvements. In this commentary, I provide a summary of these programs and how they have affected technology R&D and innovation capacity in Türkiye. Although it is clear that the programs have had an impact, we were not able to source any evidence delineating the size of their impact. Nevertheless, it would have been better if we, as a country, could have focused on measuring not only the financial contributions of the programs but also their social impact as well.

From a promising technological niche to an established market niche: Solar photovoltaic niche formation in Iran

Transformation toward a low-carbon sustainable energy system is getting more recognition in oil-rich developing countries under pressure exerted by their growing environmental challenges and international treaties- including UN SDGs. This calls for concerted efforts for developing renewable energy technologies (RETs). In this regard, the current paper examines the historical development of the solar photovoltaic (PV) niche formation in Iran from 1990 to 2020 in two chronological phases, i.e., technological niches and market niches. We adopt strategic niche management framework and highlight the active role of government support should plays as a key prerequisite required for RET niches development in oil-rich developing countries (ORDCs) where market is heavily in favor of fossil sources of energy. Data was gathered through 19 semi-structured interviews as well as PV-related science and technology development activities. We found that while universities and research institutions played a pivotal role in PV technological niche formation, foreign direct investment (FDI) and local firms were instrumental in PV market niche development. Our findings provide recommendations to direct ORDCs in developing PV, which include proper implementation of feed-in tariff policy, enhanced collaboration among international and local actors, integrated and balanced development of the PV value chain, diversified application of PV in the residential and industrial sectors, and lastly, leveraging FDI and joint-ventures as means of promoting local technological capabilities, industrialization, and market expansion.

Strategi rantai nilai untuk keberlangsungan usaha industri rumah cokelat di Kota Palu

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategic value chain for the sustainability of the Chocolate House Industry business in the city of Palu, which is located on Jalan Setia Budi, East Palu, Central Sulawesi. The number of respondents was 4 people consisting of 1 leader, 1 head of production and 2 employees. Data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative.The value chain strategy at Rumah Coklat can be seen from the supporting (secondary) activities which include Infrastructure, HR Management, Technology Development and Procurement activities. Primary (primary) involvement includes raw material handling, production process, service and marketing. The Value Chain Strategy activities as a whole support each other to create chocolate products. The results of the assessment of the value chain strategy in the continuity of the Chocolate House Industry business are 3, namely: (1) Competitive advantage, namely by utilizing the original taste of the original cocoa beans, Utilizing the original cocoa butter as a raw material for making chocolate to give a distinctive taste from chocolate so that it is preferred the community, continue to maintain and improve product quality so that it becomes a superior product for the Palu city government. (2) Differentiation Strategy, namely by paying attention to the quality of the ingredients used and always maintaining the taste produced, (3) Cost advantage strategy, namely producing authentic chocolate from Central Sulawesi which is processed into chocolate with levels of 56 percent, 80 percent and 90 percent. Thus producing premium chocolate, not compound chocolate. The value chaos strategy all synergizes to shape, support and support the chocolate manufacturing process in order to gain margins/profits. Optimal margin provides the sustainability of the chocolate house industry in maintaining existence and maintaining business (Going Concern).

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF BIOSAFETY OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS OF MULTIPROFESSIONAL RESIDENCE OF A HOSPITAL

The recent concept of biosafety encompasses the set of actions aimed at preventing, minimizing or eliminating risks inherent to research, production, teaching, technological development and service provision activities, aiming to preserve the health of man, animals and the environment . In this context, awareness and permanent education of professionals are also essential, which provides them with conditions to carry out safe work, critical discussions and reflections, update and adoption of correct preventive measures. The objective of the research was to evaluate the knowledge of health professionals from the Multiprofessional Residency of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, about biosecurity in the hospital premises. The study was of the descriptive observational epidemiological type through the application of a questionnaire on the topic addressed. The sample consisted of a multidisciplinary population, effectively enrolled in the first and second years of residency (n=83). Of the participants, 89.2% reported being aware of the risks of biosafety, 81.9% walk around the hospital’s internal and external areas wearing the lab coat, 96.4% usually use the lab coat in restaurants and only 34.9% correctly clean the hands in a hospital environment. Insufficient biosafety practices are notorious, which demonstrates a lack of awareness on the part of professionals. Thus, basic and consensual measures are necessary to remedy and/or reduce risks and contamination vectors in hospital sectors by health professionals.

Benefits management and Information Technology work distribution

Organisations spend much money on Information Technology (IT) development and maintenance activities with the intention that these activities will create results that enable benefits for the organisations. This paper seeks to understand potential associations between IT development and maintenance activities and the adoption of benefits management practices to realise value for the organization. The aim is also to uncover potential differences between public and private organisations. We surveyed 86 Norwegian public and private organisations, including data collected in similar surveys every five years since 1993. For the period between 1998 and 2018, we observe a stable pattern of IT work distribution. We found that organisations that managed benefits put more effort into advancing functionality for the end-users than other organisations, and they realised more benefits. This advantage was particularly true for organisations that managed benefits beyond the early stages of the development lifecycle. Private organisations both managed and realised benefits to a larger extent than public organisations. Our findings can enable organisations to be evidence-based when choosing management practices to achieve a higher return on investments in IT development and maintenance activities.

Impact of proactive orientation and innovation on exports. Case Colombia / Impacto da orientação proativa e inovação nas exportações. Caso Colômbia

This research paper presents the relationship between the proactive orientation towards the market and the novelty degree of innovation in the internationalization of companies, measured with the export intensity. The data to test the hypothesis of the research were obtained from a sample of Colombian manufacturers from the Second Survey of Development and Technological Innovation, conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE by its abbreviation in Spanish) in Colombia. The survey seeks to establish the dynamics of technological development of the Colombian manufacturing company in terms of the intensity and trajectory of the innovation and technological development activities. From the total number of companies consulted, there were 297 in different sectors that responded to the survey and provided their information to be used in the study. The data were treated by means of a model of ordered logistic regression, whose result was the conclusion that there is a positive relationship between the proactive orientation towards the market and the export intensity, while it was not possible to demonstrate the relationship between novelty in innovation and the same export intensity.

8th International Week of Science, Technology & Innovation (8th IWSTI)

The 8th International Week of Science, Technology, and Innovation (8th IWSTI) took place from 21 to 24 September de 2021, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, and was organized by the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander headquarters in San José de Cúcuta and Ocaña. The 8th IWSTI is aimed at the academic and scientific community and to the productive sectors of the region, and have a purpose are the dissemination of academic, and research works; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities for contribution to strengthening the relationship School-University-Company-State.The 8th IWSTI generated spaces for the exchange experiences academic and scientific in different knowledge areas between students, teachers, entrepreneurs, and researchers from the United States of America, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Venezuela, and Colombia. Additionally, during the 8th IWSTI, was held the V Interinstitutional Conference of Research Seedbeds, which has as the main goal to socialize the research proposals and research results, obtained in different areas of knowledge, by the Research Seedbeds of all Educational Institutions of Norte de Santander, SIES+, Colombia.The organizing committee of the 8th IWSTI is extremely thankful to all participants for providing their valuable contributions as well as the reviewers for their recommendations and constructive criticism that help to improve the articles presented in this volume of proceedings. The articles refer to one of the following topics addressed in the 8th IWSTI: Modeling, Simulation, and Diagnostics, Physical-Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Characterization of Materials. Likewise, we like to thank the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS), and the Foundation of Researchers in Materials Science and Technology (FORISTOM), for all the support technical and logistical received.Finally, the editor hopes that those interested in the area of research, technology, and innovation in sciences and engineering will enjoy reading this volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), which reflects a wide variety of current issues, contributing to the generation and transfer of knowledge, as well as to the strengthening of research in science and engineering in Colombia. “Education and expression freedom for anyone”. List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Logistic, Sponsor, Partners are available in this pdf.

EMPREENDEDORISMO E INOVAÇÃO NA SAÚDE. OS NOVOS EMPREENDIMENTOS NA ECONOMIA DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL

The work shows an exploratory analysis of business opportunities based on new trends in the health economy. The pandemic only accelerated and emphasized some activities and opportunities, others were increasing due to greater attention to prevention, especially at work. The results of the discussion and the information found in the research indicate that undertaking in the health economy will be a highly profitable and growing business, which can be compared with financial and technology development activities, such as data science or artificial intelligence. The result of the research also highlights the positive trend of innovation and the growth of startups in the sector in Brazil, and the new businesses developed show not only national creativity but also the spaces available for those who want to undertake in this sector.

Would turkeys vote for Christmas? New entrant strategies and coopetitive tensions in the emerging demand response industry

To enter a market and scale up, entrant firms often need to cooperate with their incumbent competitors, so they are in coopetition with them. Our goal is to increase the understanding of the antecedents of coopetition and the ways in which new entrant firms navigate coopetitive tensions with incumbents. Moreover, we are interested in the impacts that coopetition has on the value creation and value appropriation of new entrant firms. So far, most literature on cooperation and coopetition in energy markets has provided the perspective of the incumbents. To study the issues empirically, we interviewed 15 demand response (DR) entrants. These firms operate in Finnish energy markets, providing automated DR services, in which Finland is a forerunner country. According to our results, collaboration between new entrant DR firms and energy incumbents was needed in order to establish the new markets. In addition, cooperation with incumbents was beneficial to DR entrants since they were able to gain new customers and increase the efficiency of their resource use due to, for example, common technological development activities. We found that the structure of energy markets was an important factor in shaping the market entry of DR entrants. According to our results, new entrants can enter electricity markets without much cooperation with the incumbents, but cooperation is necessary in natural monopoly district heating markets. As new EU regulations will enhance automated DR services, the results of this study have relevance in other EU Member States where automated DR markets have not yet been established.

Starshade exoplanet data challenge

Starshade in formation flight with a space telescope is a rapidly maturing technology that would enable imaging and spectral characterization of small planets orbiting nearby stars in the not-too-distant future. While performance models of starshade-assisted exoplanet imaging have been developed and used to design future missions, their results have not been verified from the analyses of synthetic images. Following a rich history of using community data challenges to evaluate image-processing capabilities in astronomy and exoplanet fields, the Starshade Technology Development to TRL5 (S5), a focused technology development activity managed by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program, is organizing and implementing a starshade exoplanet data challenge. The purpose of the data challenge is to validate the flow down of requirements from science to key instrument performance parameters and to quantify the required accuracy of noisy background calibration with synthetic images. This data challenge distinguishes itself from past efforts in the exoplanet field in that (1) it focuses on the detection and spectral characterization of small planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars, and (2) it develops synthetic images that simultaneously include multiple background noise terms—some observations specific to starshade—including residual starlight, solar glint, exozodiacal light, detector noise, as well as variability resulting from starshade’s motion and telescope jitter. We provide an overview of the design and rationale of the data challenge. Working with data challenge participants, we expect to achieve improved understanding of the noise budget and background calibration in starshade-assisted exoplanet observations in the context of both starshade rendezvous with Roman and Habitable Exoplanet Observatory. This activity will thus help NASA prioritize further technology developments and prepare the science community for analyzing starshade exoplanet observations.